🧮📐
The Grammar Formula Math Sheet
Language is an elegant equation. When you treat compound tenses as plug-and-play mathematical formulas, you eliminate hesitation forever.
🇪🇸 Spanish Core Formulas
Present Perfect (Pretérito Perfecto)
Haber (he, has, ha, hemos, habéis, han) + Participio Pasado (-ado / -ido)
Example: "Yo he comido una manzana."
💡 Used for actions in an unfinished time frame (today, this week).
Near Future (Futuro Próximo)
Ir (voy, vas, va, vamos, vais, van) + a + Infinitivo
Example: "Nosotros vamos a viajar mañana."
💡 The most common way native speakers talk about the immediate future.
Continuous Action (Estar + Gerundio)
Estar (estoy, estás...) + Gerundio (-ando / -iendo)
Example: "Ella está leyendo un libro."
💡 Strictly used for actions happening right at this very second.
Past Anterior / Pluperfect (Pluscuamperfecto)
Había, habías, había, habíamos, habíais, habían + Participio
Example: "Cuando llegué, el tren ya había salido."
💡 The past before the past.
Obligation / Necessity
Tener que + Infinitivo
Example: "Tengo que estudiar mucho."
💡 Equivalent to 'I have to...'.
🇫🇷 French Core Formulas
Passé Composé (Standard)
Avoir (ai, as, a, avons, avez, ont) + Participe Passé
Example: "J'ai fini mes devoirs."
💡 Used with 95% of French verbs.
Passé Composé (Movement / Reflexive)
Être (suis, es, est, sommes, êtes, sont) + Participe Passé (Agree gender/number!)
Example: "Elle est allée à Paris."
💡 Used with DR MRS VANDERTRAMP motion verbs & all reflexive verbs.
Futur Proche (Near Future)
Aller (vais, vas, va, allons, allez, vont) + Infinitif
Example: "Nous allons manger bientôt."
💡 Immediate plans in daily spoken French.
Passé Récent (Just happened)
Venir de + Infinitif
Example: "Je viens de voir ce film."
💡 Equivalent to 'I just did...'.
🇩🇪 German Core Formulas
Perfekt (Conversational Past)
Haben / Sein (konjugiert) + ... + Partizip II (am Satzende!)
Example: "Ich habe gestern ein Buch gelesen."
💡 The conjugated verb goes in Position 2, participle goes to the very end!
Futur I (Future)
Werden (werde, wirst, wird...) + ... + Infinitiv (am Satzende)
Example: "Wir werden morgen nach Berlin fahren."
💡 Future promise or high probability.
Passiv (Passive Voice)
Werden + ... + Partizip II + werden / worden
Example: "Das Haus wird gebaut."
💡 Focuses on the action rather than the actor.