⚡ High-Frequency Reference
Irregular Verbs Master Cheat Sheet
Irregular verbs don't have to be memorized randomly. Group them by their mutation patterns to master them faster.
Spanish 🇪🇸
4 verbs Stem-Changing: e ➔ ie
The vowel "e" in the stem changes to "ie" when stressed in present indicative.
| Verb (Infinitive) | English | 1st Person (I) | 3rd Person (He/She) | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| querer | to want / love | quiero | quiere | Full Conjugation → |
| pensar | to think | pienso | piensa | Full Conjugation → |
| entender | to understand | entiendo | entiende | Full Conjugation → |
| preferir | to prefer | prefiero | prefiere | Full Conjugation → |
Spanish 🇪🇸
5 verbs First-Person "Yo" Irregulars ("-go" Verbs)
Only the "yo" form takes a distinctive -go ending in the present tense.
| Verb (Infinitive) | English | 1st Person (I) | 3rd Person (He/She) | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| tener | to have | tengo | tiene | Full Conjugation → |
| hacer | to do / make | hago | hace | Full Conjugation → |
| venir | to come | vengo | viene | Full Conjugation → |
| poner | to put | pongo | pone | Full Conjugation → |
| salir | to leave | salgo | sale | Full Conjugation → |
Spanish 🇪🇸
4 verbs Total Irregulars & Suppletive Verbs
Radically different stem across tenses.
| Verb (Infinitive) | English | 1st Person (I) | 3rd Person (He/She) | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ser | to be (permanent) | soy | es | Full Conjugation → |
| estar | to be (state/place) | estoy | está | Full Conjugation → |
| ir | to go | voy | va | Full Conjugation → |
| saber | to know (facts) | sé | sabe | Full Conjugation → |
French 🇫🇷
4 verbs Essential 3rd Group Irregulars
Highly unpredictable stem shifts in present and passé composé.
| Verb (Infinitive) | English | 1st Person (I) | 3rd Person (He/She) | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| être | to be | suis | est | Full Conjugation → |
| avoir | to have | ai | a | Full Conjugation → |
| faire | to do / make | fais | fait | Full Conjugation → |
| aller | to go | vais | va | Full Conjugation → |
German 🇩🇪
3 verbs Starke Verben (Stem Vowel Shift)
Vowel shifts in 2nd and 3rd person singular (du / er, sie, es).
| Verb (Infinitive) | English | 1st Person (I) | 3rd Person (He/She) | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| sein | to be | bin | ist | Full Conjugation → |
| haben | to have | habe | hat | Full Conjugation → |
| werden | to become / will | werde | wird | Full Conjugation → |
Italian 🇮🇹
3 verbs Core Italian Irregular Verbs
Irregular first-person singular and past participles.
| Verb (Infinitive) | English | 1st Person (I) | 3rd Person (He/She) | Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| essere | to be | sono | è | Full Conjugation → |
| avere | to have | ho | ha | Full Conjugation → |
| fare | to do / make | faccio | fa | Full Conjugation → |