๐ Cross-Linguistic Atlas
Multilingual Verb Cognates & Roots
Discover how fundamental human concepts are expressed across Romance and Germanic languages.
| Core Concept | ๐ฌ๐ง English | ๐ช๐ธ Spanish | ๐ซ๐ท French | ๐ฉ๐ช German | ๐ฎ๐น Italian | Historical Root |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| To Be (Identity/Essence) | be | ser | รชtre | sein | essere | Proto-Indo-European *hโes- / *bสฐuH- |
| To Have / Possess | have | tener / haber | avoir | haben | avere | Latin habere / Germanic *habjanฤ |
| To Do / Make | make / do | hacer | faire | machen / tun | fare | Latin facere (Romance) / *makลnฤ (Germanic) |
| To Go / Move | go | ir | aller | gehen | andare | Latin ire & vadere / Germanic *gฤnฤ |
| Can / To Be Able To | can / be able | poder | pouvoir | kรถnnen | potere | Latin potere (posse) / Germanic *kunnanฤ |
| To Want / Desire | want / will | querer | vouloir | wollen | volere | Latin velle / volere / Germanic *weljanฤ |
| To Come / Arrive | come | venir | venir | kommen | venire | Latin venire / Germanic *kwemanฤ |
| To See / Perceive | see | ver | voir | sehen | vedere | Latin videre / Germanic *sehwanฤ |
| To Speak / Say | speak / say | hablar / decir | parler / dire | sprechen / sagen | parlare / dire | Latin parabolare / dicere / Germanic *sprekanฤ |
| To Eat | eat | comer | manger | essen | mangiare | Latin comedere / manducare / Germanic *etanฤ |